Improvement in brick-kilns



UNTTED STATES PATENT FFIGE.

HOSEA TUGBY, OF WOODVILLE, ENGLAND.'

IMPROVEMENT IN BRICK-KILNS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 141,@04, dated July 29, 1873; application filed May 6,v 1873.

To all whom t may concern.-

Be it known that I, HOSEA TUGBY, of Woodville, in the 'county of Leicester, Eng'- land, earthenware, sanitary-pipe, and brick burner, have invented Improvements in Kilns for Burning Bricks, Pipes, Tiles, and Earthenware, generally, and for other purposes, of which the following' is a specification:

M y said invention relates to improvements in down-draft kilns for drying and burning bricks, tiles, sanitary pipes, and pottery-ware, which improvements may also be applied to existing kilns 5 and consists in a peculiar arrangement offlues, or passages and dampers, in combination with perforated @bags77 built behind the permanent partitionlwalls which divide the kiln into its several chambers, the heat from one chamber being conducted directly to the adjoining chamber for the purpose ot heating the same 5 and in order that my said invention may be fully understood, I shall now proceed `more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to the several figures on the annexed sheets of drawings, the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure l of my drawings represents a side elevation of a portion of a kiln constructed according to mysaid invention. Fig. 2 is a corresponding transverse section of the same taken along the line l 2 in Fig. 3, so as to show the perforated bag more clearly. Fig. 3 is alongitudinal vertical section of a portion of the kiln, showing three of the chambers thereof, of which any convenient number may be employed, and Fig. 4 is a corresponding horizontal section of the same taken along the broken cut line 3 4 in Fig. 3.

A A are the outer or main walls of the kiln, which support the arched roof or crown B of the same. The said kiln is divided into a number of separate chambers, marked l, 2, and 3 in my drawings, where I have only shown three of such chambers, although, in practice, I should prefer to use a Amuch greater number. Each chamber l 2 3 is provided with fire-holes a, protecting-shields or bags b, and perforated false bottom c, as in the ordinary down-draft kilns. The permanent partition Walls-C, which divide the chambers from each other, are provided at their upper part with two or more openings, d d, for the admission ofthe heat from one chamber to the top ofthe goods inthe adjoining chamber, as hereinafter described, such openings being provided with dampers e e. D D are the perforated bags, which are built a short distance from the permanent partition-walls C, before mentioned, so as to leave a space between each perforated bag and its corresponding permanent partition for the direct and immediate passage of heat from one chamber into the body of the goods contained in the next chamber, shown by the arrows and hereinafter explained in describing the working of my improved kilns. A damper, j, is provided in the central flue E below for the purpose of shut-ting oi such communication when required. The main due F extends the whole length of the series of chambers to the chimney-stack G; and into this main due F lead branch dues H, each in communication with one of the said chambers, which branch flues are provided with dampers g, so as to cut offl communication between any one of the chambers and the main line F or chimney when required. These branch dues communicate directly with the central flues E extending underneath the bottom of each of the chambers which central dues conduct the heat from one chamber into the next chamber through the space between the permanent partition-wall and the perforated bag 7 which divides it from the adjoining chamber. The partitionwalls are provided with projections h above the perforated walls or bags D for the purpose of preventing the goods from falling into'the space between the partition-walls and the perforated bags before mentioned, and thereby im peding the draft.

The chambers may be arranged either in straight, circular, or any other suitable form, as found most convenient in practice.

In Working these kilns when arranged in a straight linefor example, as shown in my drawings, I commence with the chamber No. l, or that ysituate furthest from the chimney stack.

The fire is applied from the exterior in the ordinary way by. the lire-holes c c in the sides of the chamber, and the damper g, in connection with the main due F is opened for the escape of the steam or vapor while the goods in this chamber are drying, the damperfbetween the chambers 1 and 2 being at this time closed. During this operation the next or No. 2 chamber is being charged with fresh goods through the charging-doors t t', and when charged the lire-holes a of such chamber are closed, and the communication otNo. 1 chamber with the main line F is cut oli' by shutting the damper g in the branch flue of that chamber. rlhe heat from-N0. 1 chamber is then passed directly into No. 2 chamber by opening the damper fin the central flue E which connects No. l chamber with No. 2. The damper g of the branch flue which connects this No. 2 chamber with the main flue F is now opened, the steam driven from the goods in No. 2 chamber by the heat from No. 1 chamber being thus allowedto escape freely to the chimney. While the goods in No. 2 chamber are being dried by the heat from No. 1 chamber, the next or No. chamber is being charged with goods, and when charged the lire-holes a of this chamber are closed, and the connections of No. 1 and No. 2 chambers with the main flue are stopped by closing both the dampers g g in their corresponding branch lines. The damper fin the central ilne connecting No. 2 chamber with No. 3, and the damper g in the branch flue H connecting No. 3 chamber with the chimney are now opened, and the next in advance, or, say, No. 4 (not shown in my drawings) is charged, and its re-holes closed. The connection with No. 3 chamber and the main flue F is now cut ott1 like the preceding ones, and the dampers f and g of the flues connecting No. 3 chamber with N o. 4, and No. 4 with the main ilue, are opened, and so on in the same order through any desired number of chambers. Thile the goods in No. 4 chamber are drying the goods in No. 1 chamber are being burnt oi" or finished. rllhe goods in No. 1

chamber being linished the {ire-holes a of this chamber are closed. The connection of No. 1 chamber with chamber No. 2 is then cut oli' by closing the damper f in the center tlue E, which connects them, and the dampers c e which close the openings d d in the upper part of the permanent partition-wall C of No. 1 and No. 2 chambers are now opened, in order that the heat from No. 1 chamber may pass into and through the goods in No. 2 chamber. 'lhe res of No. 2 chamber are now started, and when the temperature of this chamber is elevated to about the same as that of No. 1 the openings d (l in the upper part of the permanent partition-wall of No. 1 and No. 2 chambers are closed, and the goods in No. 1 chamber allowed to cool. By this time the fth chamber in advance is charged with fresh goods, and the same process as that described in reference to No. l chamber is carried on `throughout all the chambers of the series,

whatever may be their number.

The perforated bags D, hereinbefore described, are a most important element in my improved kiln, as they admit of the heat pass ing from one chamber directly and at once into and among the goods in the adjoining chamber Without being impaired or partially exhausted or expended against the brick walls during its passage between the partition and the bag, as is found to be the case when using non-perforated bags, as heretofore; and hence I am enabled, in a continuous-action kiln, to eftectually produce salt-glazed goods of the best qualitya result which has never been accomplished in continuous-action kilns prior to the date of my patent.

Although my kiln is more especially constructed with a view to producing salt-glazed goods by the continuous system of burning, it is obvious that it may also be applied to the burning of common goods or bricks, in which case a portion of the ring may be carried on through fuel-charging apertures made for the purpose in the crown or roof of the kiln. Moreover, if desired, each chamber may be Worked separately and independently ot' its neighbor by simply closing the intercommunieatin g dampers between one chamber and another, and merely leaving each chamber thus isolated in communication with the main iine F by opening the dampers g in the branchflues.

I claiml. rlhe combination, in a kiln, of external lire-places a., shields b, arranged parallel to and a short distance from the side walls, and perforated shields D, between which and the end walls are vertical lues communicating with horizontal iiues E, substantially as set forth.

2. A kiln, consisting of a series of chambers, tire-places a communicating with each chamber, tlues E arranged below the perfo# rated bottoms of the chambers and formingV the communications between them, and a line, F, communicating independently with each liuc E and with the chimney G, all substantially as described.

In witness whereof I have signed my name to this specication in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

IIOSEA TUGBY.

Witnesses:

J. HENRY JOHNSON,

47 Lincolns Inn Fields, London CHAs. MILLS,

His Clerk. 

